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Compound Identification

Name: propan-2-one
Molecular Formula: C3H6O
PubChem CID: 180

GHS Classification

NFPA 704 Diamond

1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.

Health

3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.

Fire

0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Instability

Physical Properties

flash_point: 0 °F (NTP, 1992)
boiling_point: 133 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
melting_point: -137 °F (NTP, 1992)
vapor_pressure: 180 mmHg at 68 °F ; 270 mmHg at 86 °F (NTP, 1992)
density: 0.791 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float
solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)
autoignition: 869 °F (USCG, 1999)

First Aid

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.
Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.
Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)
General First Aid:
· Call 911 or emergency medical service.
· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.
· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.
· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
· If victim is not breathing:
-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.
-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).
-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.
· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

Fire Fighting

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:
CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).
SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)
Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
If material is on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical.
Flammable. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Extinguish with dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.
Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an SDS (Safety Data Sheet)?

A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is a standardized document that provides information about chemical hazards, safe handling, storage, emergency procedures, and transport classification. SDSs follow the GHS (Globally Harmonized System) format with 16 mandatory sections covering identification, hazards, composition, first aid, fire fighting, accidental release, handling, exposure controls, physical properties, stability, toxicology, ecology, disposal, transport, regulatory, and other information.

What do the GHS pictograms mean?

GHS pictograms are standardized hazard symbols: the flame (flammable), exclamation mark (irritant/harmful), skull and crossbones (acute toxicity), corrosion (corrosive), exploding bomb (explosive), flame over circle (oxidizer), gas cylinder (compressed gas), health hazard (serious health effects), and environment (aquatic toxicity). Each pictogram indicates a specific category of hazard.

What is an NFPA diamond?

The NFPA 704 diamond is a color-coded hazard rating system used by emergency responders. Blue = health hazard, Red = flammability, Yellow = instability/reactivity, White = special hazards. Each color section is rated 0 (minimal hazard) to 4 (severe hazard).

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