Control of Hazardous Air Pollutants From Mobile Sources

Today EPA is proposing controls on gasoline, passenger vehicles, and portable gasoline containers (gas cans) that would significantly reduce emissions of benzene and other hazardous air pollutants ("mobile source air toxics"). Benzene is a known human carcinogen, and mobile sources are responsible for the majority of benzene emissions. The other mobile source air toxics are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects. We are proposing to limit the benzene content of gasoline to an annual average of 0.62% by volume, beginning in 2011. We are also proposing to limit exhaust emissions of hydrocarbons from passenger vehicles when they are operated at cold temperatures. This standard would be phased in from 2010 to 2015. For passenger vehicles we also propose evaporative emissions standards that are equivalent to those in California. Finally, we are proposing a hydrocarbon emissions standard for gas cans beginning in 2009, which would reduce evaporation and spillage of gasoline from these containers. These controls would significantly reduce emissions of benzene and other mobile source air toxics such as 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and naphthalene. This proposal would result in additional substantial benefits to public health and welfare by significantly reducing emissions of particulate matter from passenger vehicles. We project annual nationwide benzene reductions of 35,000 tons in 2015, increasing to 65,000 tons by 2030. Total reductions in mobile source air toxics would be 147,000 tons in 2015 and over 350,000 tons in 2030. Passenger vehicles in 2030 would emit 45% less benzene. Gas cans meeting the new standards would emit almost 80% less benzene. Gasoline would have 37% less benzene overall. We estimate that these reductions would have an average cost of less than 1 cent per gallon of gasoline and less than $1 per vehicle. The average cost for gas cans would be less than $2 per can. The reduced evaporation from gas cans would result in significant fuel savings, which would more than offset the increased cost for the gas can.